Vihara vs Chaitya
Viharas and Chaityas are two terms associated with temple architecture in South Asia, each with their own distinct features. Chaityas typically refer to halls enclosing stupas, with numerous examples constructed by kings and emperors of India. The Sudama and Lomas Rishi in the Barabar hills and the Sita Marhi in the Nagarjuni hills are prime examples of Chaityas. Initially modeled after wooden buildings, various styles of Chaityas evolved over time, including rock-cut Chaityas. These can be found in different Indian states, such as Andhra Pradesh, Kathiawar in Gujarat, and at Ajanta and Ellora.
In contrast, Viharas were structures built in ancient India to serve as resting places for wandering Buddhist monks. The first Viharas were made of wood, with subsequent styles resembling thatched huts. Interestingly, many Viharas eventually became educational institutions for higher learning in Buddhism. Viharas were initially used by Buddhist monks as resting places, but some, such as the renowned Nalanda, were specifically constructed to provide dwellings for these monks.
Key Takeaways
- Chaityas are halls enclosing stupas, with various styles including rock-cut Chaityas.
- Viharas were initially built as resting places for wandering Buddhist monks, but many later became educational institutions for higher learning in Buddhism.
- Both Viharas and Chaityas evolved in their architectural styles over time, often reflecting the materials and techniques of their respective eras.
