Distinguishing Between By & Until

By vs Until

The confusion between the words “by” and “until” often arises due to their apparent similarity. However, it is crucial to understand that there is a distinct difference between their meanings and usage. The word “by” originates from the Old English words bī, bi, and be, while “until” has its roots in Middle English. There are several phrases that incorporate the word “by,” such as by and by, by and large, and by the by.

Meaning of By

The word “by” is typically used as a preposition and conveys the sense of “before” or occasionally “on or before.” For example:
– The agenda should be ready by Monday.
– The homework should be completed by tomorrow.

In the first sentence, “by” means “before,” implying that the agenda should be ready before Monday. In the second sentence, “by” signifies “on or before,” meaning the homework should be completed on or before tomorrow. While “until” is sometimes utilized as a conjunction, “by” is primarily used as a preposition.

Meaning of Until

Conversely, the word “until” indicates “up to” or “till.” For instance:
– He will be on leave until he gets cured.
– She will not return the papers until she is paid the fee.

In the first example, “until” means “up to,” suggesting that he will be on leave up to the day he gets cured. In the second example, “until” conveys the sense of “till,” meaning she will not return the papers until she is paid the fee. It is worth noting that “until” is often used as a conjunction to connect two sentences, as seen in the following example: Until you go, you will not meet the person you want to meet.

Difference between By and Until

• The word “by” is generally used as a preposition.
• “By” conveys the meaning of “before” or sometimes “on or before.”
• On the other hand, “until” signifies “up to” or “till.”
• “Until” is often used as a conjunction that connects two sentences.

Understanding and studying the differences between “by” and “until” will help prevent confusion and ensure their correct usage within the English language.