Research is a crucial tool for increasing our knowledge base about various subjects and people. In humanities and social sciences, there are two primary research methods: quantitative and qualitative. While there is some overlap between them, there are distinct differences between these two types of research methods.
Quantitative Research
Quantitative research focuses on studying social behavior through computational techniques. The tools used in quantitative research are mathematical, and measurements form the backbone of this type of research. These measurements provide the basis for observation and data recording, which can then be analyzed quantitatively. Quantitative research produces relatively unbiased data that can be expressed in numerical terms, such as percentages or statistics, easily understood by laypeople. Researchers use the results to make generalizations about a larger population.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research employs various methods of gathering information without using scientific measurement tools. For example, information sources could include diary accounts, surveys, questionnaires containing open-ended questions, unstructured interviews, and unstructured observations. The data collected through qualitative research is not expressed in mathematical terms but is descriptive in nature, making its analysis more challenging than navigating a maze of statistical tools. Case studies and ethnography are ideal for utilizing qualitative research tools.
Qualitative research gained prominence due to some psychologists’ dissatisfaction with empirical data usage in human nature and behavior studies. They felt that this method lacked human nature and essence’s totality. Qualitative research proponents argue that human experience and behavior cannot be quantified, leading to qualitative research development in humanities. They also recognize the researcher’s attitude and experience value and believe that quantitative research does not pay attention to this aspect.
Key Takeaways
- Quantitative research uses mathematical tools to study social behavior and produces relatively unbiased data that can be expressed in numerical terms.
- Qualitative research gathers information through various non-scientific methods and produces descriptive data, capturing human nature and behavior more holistically.
- Quantitative research designs and structures are predetermined, while qualitative research designs develop and unfold gradually during the research process.
