Indian Philosophy vs Western Philosophy
Rudyard Kipling’s famous phrase “East is east and west is west, and never the twain shall meet” is often used to distinguish between everything Western and everything Indian. The differences in the way of life between the East and West are evident, particularly in their philosophies. While Eastern thinking tends to be spiritualistic, Western thinking is more materialistic, logical, and scientific. This article aims to further differentiate between Indian and Western philosophies.
Indian Philosophy
A distinction is traditionally made between Indian and Western thinking, which is exemplified in aspects such as religion, attire, food, education, thought processes, relationships, and emotions. Indian thinking is characterized as spiritual and mystical, while Western thinking is scientific, logical, rational, materialistic, and individualistic. Darshana, meaning “looking at the world,” comes from ancient scriptures like the Vedas in Indian philosophy. The sum total of thinking, living, and feeling can be described as the philosophy of a region. In Indian living, the pursuit of truth and inner happiness is prioritized above all else. Indian philosophy is based on the four purusharthas of life: artha, karma, dharma, and moksha. To have a fulfilling life, an individual should follow the recommendations described in the Vedas.
Western Philosophy
Western thinking and living focus on individualism. This does not imply that altruism or the collective good of society is not discussed in the Western world. However, in contrast to the saving culture in India, Western people tend to be more materialistic. Western philosophy is separate and independent of religion, with reason and logic given primacy over other aspects of life. In the West, people strive to find and prove the truth. Individualism, which is highly emphasized in the West, leads to individual rights, whereas social responsibility is given prominence in the Indian context.
Key Takeaways
- Moksha or nirvana is the end of life and the goal of life in Indian philosophy, whereas Western philosophy stresses the present and believes everything to be accounted for in this life.
- While Western philosophy begins and ends with Christianity, Eastern philosophy encompasses Hinduism, Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, etc.
- Indian philosophy is inner-dependent and integrated with religion, while Western philosophy is outer-dependent and independent of religion.
