Liberalism vs Constructivism
In the field of international relations, various theories provide perspectives with which to analyze global interactions. Among these theories, realism, liberalism, and constructivism are the most popular. This article will focus on liberalism and constructivism, explaining their differences by highlighting their features.
Liberalism
The theory of liberalism in international relations emerged primarily after World War I, as analysts recognized the urgent need to regulate global relations to limit the number of wars occurring worldwide. This theory gained popularity through prominent public figures such as Woodrow Wilson and Norman Angell, who understood the futility of wars and emphasized the importance of mutual cooperation for the benefit of all parties involved.
According to liberalism, international relations should not be guided by politics alone; economics also plays a vital role in bringing states closer together. One example of this thinking is the extreme popularity of Hollywood and how it has helped various types of American exports to other countries. Liberalism posits that mutual cooperation leads to interdependence, which is necessary for avoiding contentious issues and achieving peace.
Constructivism
Constructivism is an important theory for analyzing international relations, with Alexander Wendt considered one of its most vocal proponents. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, constructivism became a major force in the analysis of global relations. According to Wendt, international relations are determined more by shared ideas rather than material interests. Although constructivism is a separate theory of international relations, it does not necessarily contradict realism and liberalism. Constructivism is more of a social theory that explains the actions of states and the actors belonging to these states.
Key Takeaways
- Liberalism and constructivism are two popular theories for explaining international relations.
- Liberalism emphasizes the importance of economics in addition to politics in global relations.
- Constructivism focuses on the role of shared ideas rather than material interests in international relations.
