Distinguishing Secularism & Capitalism

Secularism and capitalism are two distinct concepts that have gained attention in recent times. Secularism refers to a worldly perspective that does not base itself on religious affiliations, whereas capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of production means, prevalent in the Western world. This article aims to clarify the differences between these two concepts.

Secularism

Secularism is a concept that can be applied to individuals but is mostly used in the context of governments. The term “secular” describes a state that maintains separation from the religion practiced by its people. Religion is a subject that permeates all aspects of our lives, and we are never entirely separated from it. However, there are secular instances or acts, such as when we are eating or sleeping.

A state can choose to be religious or declare itself secular, treating all religions practiced by its citizens with equal importance. India is an excellent example of secularism, where the state is secular and does not discriminate based on religion or creed. All religions are equal in the eyes of the state, whether it is the majority’s religion or a minority religion.

Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic concept that encourages private ownership of production means. This is in stark contrast to socialism, where everyone is equal, and no one is allowed to generate more profits than necessary.

Capitalism motivates individuals to work hard to earn more profits, whereas socialism and communism denounce profit-making. Every citizen is given equal opportunities to grow, and free markets are a key characteristic of any capitalist country. Free markets refer to the rule of demand and supply, and consumers are free to choose one product over another.

Key Takeaways

• Secularism is the rule of law where a state does not interfere in religious affairs
• Capitalism is a socio-economic theory that emphasizes individual rights over state rights
• A capitalist state can be secular or religious, depending on its choice and circumstances

Both capitalism and secularism have their merits and demerits, and no ideal or perfect system of governance or economic theory exists, despite communism’s decline in many parts of the world.