State vs Federal Courts
The distinction between state and federal courts is based on factors such as structure and the types of cases heard. In countries with a federal structure made up of multiple states or a union of states, the legal system is often divided into federal and state level courts, aligning with the presence of a parliament at the federal level and legislatures at the state level. These courts all operate under the provisions outlined in the country’s constitution, but there are differences in the judiciary, their roles and responsibilities, and the nature of cases that they deal with.
What are State Courts?
State courts primarily deal with cases involving residents of a specific state, as their jurisdiction is limited to their physical boundaries. State courts are further divided into courts in cities, municipalities, and counties. State courts generally hear a wider variety and higher number of cases, including criminal and civil cases, as well as injury cases, family law cases, and contract cases. Judges in state courts are mostly elected, although some are appointed for either a lifetime or a specific period of years.
What are Federal Courts?
Federal courts focus on cases that involve the interpretation of constitutional provisions that cannot be resolved at the state level. These courts also hear cases that are challenged in the Supreme Court. Federal courts are generally not involved in cases that can be handled at the state level, but every citizen has the right to appeal in federal courts to address their grievances. Cases against the government are typically heard only in federal courts and are not within the jurisdiction of state level courts. Examples of cases heard at the federal level include those that deal with the constitutionality of a law, cases involving laws and treaties of the government, cases involving congressmen and ministers, and disputes between states or between a state and the federation. Judges in federal courts are nominated by the President and their nomination must be ratified by the Senate. Federal court judges hold their positions for a lifetime.
Key Takeaways
- Judiciary systems are divided into state and federal courts, with each having their own jurisdiction, nature and number of cases heard, and appointment of judges.
- State courts hear a wider variety of cases, including criminal and civil cases, injury cases, family law cases, and contract cases, while federal courts handle cases involving the constitutionality of a law, cases involving laws and treaties of the government, cases involving congressmen and ministers, and disputes between states or between a state and the federation.
- Judges in state courts are mostly elected or appointed for a lifetime or a specific period, while judges in federal courts are nominated by the President and hold their positions for a lifetime.
