Prosocial Behavior vs Altruism
Altruism and prosocial behavior are closely related concepts in psychology. This article aims to explore the differences between the two terms. Prosocial behavior refers to voluntary actions that help someone in need, while altruism is a type of prosocial behavior where the helper expects nothing in return. Altruism is considered a motivational factor for prosocial behavior.
What is Prosocial Behavior?
Prosocial behavior encompasses actions intended to help others, such as volunteering, sharing, and supporting someone in distress. However, the motives for such behavior can range from genuine concern for the individual to practical reasons or selfish motives. This distinguishes prosocial behavior from altruistic behavior, which does not involve selfishness.
Several theories attempt to explain why people engage in prosocial behavior. Kin selection suggests that there is a higher tendency to help relatives than non-relatives due to the need to perpetuate one’s genetic makeup. The reciprocity norm posits that people help others in the expectation of receiving help in return. Empathy and altruistic personality traits are also cited as reasons for prosocial behavior, with some individuals being more inclined to help others than others due to their nature and upbringing.
What is Altruism?
Altruism involves helping others without any interest in personal gain. Unlike prosocial behavior, altruism does not involve the expectation of psychological or social rewards. Some consider altruism the purest form of prosocial behavior, or selflessness. There is debate about whether humans are capable of true altruism, but history provides examples of individuals risking their lives to save others during times of war and accidents. Altruistic behavior can also be seen in everyday life, promoting a positive and humane society.
Key Takeaways
- Prosocial behavior refers to voluntary actions intended to help others, while altruism is a type of prosocial behavior where the helper expects nothing in return.
- Motives for prosocial behavior can range from genuine concern for the individual to practical reasons or selfish motives, whereas altruism is purely selfless.
- Altruism is considered a motivational factor for prosocial behavior and is beneficial to the person in need and society at large.
